Glossary
Flat Plan (Flats)
Drawing of the flats for a journal showing imposition and demonstrating colors.
Flat Size
Size of product before folding, but after printing and trimming.
Flexography
Technique of printing on a web press using rubber or synthetic plates with raised images.
Flood
Complete printing of a sheet with an ink or varnish.
Flush Cover
Cover trim to the same size as inner pages.
Flyleaf
Leaf, at the front and back of a casebound book that is the one side of the end paper not glued to the case.
Fogging Back
Used in creation type more clear by lowering density of an image.
Foil Emboss
To foil stamp and imprint an image.
Synonym: heat stamp .
Foil Stamp
Process of printing that liberates foil from its support when stamped with the heated die. Synonyms: Block print, hot foil stamp, stamp
Folder
A bindery machine used to folding printed materials.
Fold Marks
Markings indicating where a fold is to occur with printed matter located at the top boundaries.
Foldout
Gatefold sheet restrict into a publication which is used for a map or chart.
Synonyms: Gatefold and Pullout
Folio (page number)
Page number in a publication.
Form
Every side of a signature.
Format
Organization of a printed product or layout i.e. size, style, shape etc.
Form bond
Lightweight bond made for business forms. It is easy to perforate.
Synonym: Register bond.
Form Roller(s)
Roller to come in contact with the printing plate.
For Position Only
Low-priced copies of photos or art used on mechanical to indicate placement and scaling not intended for reproduction.
Forwarding
The binding process in which folding, rounding, backing, head banding and reinforcing are included.
Fountain
Sputter or container in a printing press, to facilitate fluids like ink, varnish or water. Synonyms: Duct
Fountain Solution
Combination of water and chemicals that dampens a printing plate to avoid ink from adhering to the nonimage area.
Synonym: Dampener solution .
Four-color Process Printing
Technique of printing that uses magenta, cyan, yellow, and black to create full-color images.
Synonyms: Color process printing, Full color printing, and Process printing .
Free Sheet
Paper made from ripe wood fibers along with chemicals and washed free of impurities.
French Fold
A one side printed sheet, folded with two right angle folds to form a four page uncut section.
Full-range Halftone
Halftone varies from 0 % coverage in its highlights to 100% coverage in its shadows.
Full-scale Black
Black partition made to have dots throughout the complete tonal range of the image.
Synonyms: Full-range black.
G
Galley Proof
Confirmation of type from any Source of metal type or photo type.
Gang
To replicate two or more different printed products at the same time on one sheet of paper during one press run.
Gate Fold
A sheet which fold up where both sides fold toward the trough in partly cover layers.
Gathered
Signature pulls together next to each other in the proper sequence for binding
Ghost Halftone
Common halftone whose thickness has been reduced to produce a very soft image.
Ghosting
Phenomenon of appearing printed image too light because of ink malnourishment.
Gilding
Gold leafing of the edges of a book in the book arena.
Gloss
Light reflecting on various objects in the printing industry through paper, ink, laminates, UV coating, varnish etc.
Gloss Ink
Ink used and printed on coated stock for instance the ink will dry without diffusion.
Grade
Generic term used to differentiate among printing papers e.g. rating, category, class, finish or brand of paper
Graduated Screen Tint
Screen dye that changes thickness gradually and smoothly.
Grain Direction
Major direction in which fibers in paper become associated during built-up.
Grain Long Paper
Fibers of paper run similar to the long dimension of the sheet.
Grain Short Paper
Paper whose fibers run simultaneously to the short dimension of the sheet.
Grammage
Weight of paper in grams per square meter (g/sm).
Graphic Arts
Industries, crafts, and professions associated with designing and printing on paper and other substrates.
Graphic Arts Film
Film whose emulsion give up high contrast images suitable for reproduction by a printing press.
Graphic Design
Collection of kind and illustration elements along with specifications for paper, ink colors and printing processes that, when combined, convey a visual message.
Graphics
illustration elements that supplement type to make printed messages more clear or interesting.
Gravure
Printing process using metal cylinders etched with millions of tiny wells that hold ink.
Gray Balance
Printed cyan, magenta and yellow halftone dots that accurately, reproduce a neutral gray image.
Gray Component Replacement
Technique of replacing gray tones in the yellow, cyan and magenta films with black ink.
Gray Levels
Quantity of diverse gray tones that can be repeat by a computer.
Gray Scale
Band of gray values vary from white to black.
Grind Edge
Synonym term for strapping edge when referring to ideal bound products
Grindoff
More or less 3 mm along the spinal column that is ground off gathered signatures before perfect binding.
Gripper Edge
Border of a sheet held by grippers on a sheetfed press, so going first through the press.
Groundwood Paper
Reasonably priced paper made from pulp created when wood chips are ground mechanically rather than refined chemically.
GSM
Unit of measurement for weight of paper. (grams per square meter).
Gutter
Inside boundaries toward the backside of the binding edges.
H
Hairline (Rule)
Refer to very small space, thin line or close register, depending on who is using the term and in what situation.
Half-scale Black
Black division made to have spot only in the shade and midtones.
Halftone
Take photograph or scan a continuous tone image to convert the image into halftone dot.
Halftone Screen
Part of film or glass containing a framework of lines that split light into dots.
Halo Effect
Faded shade sometimes neighboring halftone dots printed.
Hard Dots
Halftone dots with no halos or soft edges, as compared to soft dots.
Hard Mechanical
Mechanical including paper and acetate and made using paste-up techniques as compared to electro mechanical.
Header
Margin at the top of a page.
Head-to-tail
Imposition with tops of pages facing bottoms of other pages.
Heat-set Web
Web press operational with a range to dry ink, thus able to print coated paper.
Hickey
Defect in printing which is mainly visible in areas of heavy ink coverage, caused by dust on the plate.
High-fidelity Color
Color replicates using six, eight or twelve separations compared to four-color process.
High-key Photo
Photo whose most important details come into view in the highlights
Highlights
Lightest segments of a photograph or halftone, as compared to midtones and shadows.
Hinged Cover
Ideal bound cover scored 1/8 inch from the spine so it folds along the edge of the spine. at the hinge.
House Sheet
Paper reserved in stock by a printer and fit for a variety of printing jobs.
Hue
Relate to a specific color for instance yellow or green.
I
Image Area
The real area on the printed stuff that is not limited to ink coverage.
Imagesetter
Laser output device use by means of photosensitive paper or film.
Imposition
Display of pages on flats or mechanicals with proper arrangement so they will appear in proper sequence after press sheets are folded and bound.
Impression
Speed of a press i.e. one impression equals one press sheet passing once through the press.
Impression Cylinder
Cylinder that pushes paper against the plate or blanket on a press, thus outline the image.
Imprint
To print modified copy on an earlier printed sheet.
Ink Balance
Relationship of the thickness and dot gains of process inks to each other.
Ink Fountain
Tank on a printing press that holds ink.
Ink Holdout
Feature of paper that averts it from absorbing ink, consequently allowing ink to dry on the surface of the paper.
Ink Jet Printing
Printing method which use spraying droplet of ink through computer-controlled nozzles.
Inner Form
Form whose images all appear inside the folded signature.
In-Plant Printer
Division of an agency, business or association that does printing for main organization.
Inserts
An additional item positioned into the publication loose Inside a publication.
Intaglio Printing
Printing process whose representation carriers are surfaces with two levels, having inked areas lower than noninked areas.
Interleaves
Printed pages freely put in a publication.
ISBN
A number assigned to a published work and usually found either on the title page or the back of the title page. Considered an International Standard Book Number.
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